Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activity of Serum Paraoxonase-1 and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may account for the increased risk atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease this group supports potential utility circulating biomarkers oxidative stress stratification management. We investigated issue by conducting systematic review meta-analysis association between concentrations paraoxonase-1, an antioxidant calcium-dependent high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase, paraoxonase arylesterase activity schizophrenia. searched electronic databases from inception to 31 May 2023 studies investigating paraoxonase-1 healthy controls assessed bias certainty evidence (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023435442). Thirteen were identified analysis. There no significant between-group differences (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.12, 95% CI −0.23 0.48, p 0.50; extremely low evidence) or (SMD −0.08, −0.39 0.23, 0.61; very evidence). However, meta-regression subgroup analysis we observed associations age (p 0.003), HDL–cholesterol 0.029), study country 0.04), 0.007), body mass index 0.012), 0.002), pharmacological treatment < 0.001). In absence overall differences, our suggests that alterations reflect specific subgroups require further assessment appropriately designed studies.